Computing Atlas

How Computing Was Built
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Compiler

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A compiler is software that translates computer code written in one programming language into another, most familiarly from a language people write into instructions machines execute. Grace Hopper's team at Remington Rand wrote the compiler for the A-0 language in May 1952 and coined the term; the FORTRAN compiler completed in 1957 by John Backus's team at IBM is generally credited as the first unambiguously complete compiler, and every high level language since has stood on the idea.

Facts
Origin Year
1952 1
May 1952, the A-0 compiler written by Grace Hopper's team, which also coined the term; the 1957 FORTRAN compiler is generally credited as the first unambiguously complete one.
Core Principle
Translate a whole program from the language people write into the language a machine runs, checking and transforming it along the way. 1
Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

Grace Hopper, Pioneers

Her team wrote the A-0 compiler in May 1952 and coined the term compiler.

Source Wikipedia: Compiler
John Backus, Pioneers

The 1957 FORTRAN compiler by his IBM team is generally credited as the first unambiguously complete compiler.

Source Wikipedia: Compiler

In Field

Invented By

Grace Hopper, Pioneers

Grace Hopper's A-0 System (1952), which translated symbolic mathematical code into machine code, is widely credited as one of the first compilers; she went on to lead work on the COBOL compiler.

Sources
1. Wikipedia: Compiler
Wikimedia FoundationIntroduction and History sections
Quote, Introduction and History sections
In computing, a compiler is software that translates computer code written in one programming language (the source language) into another language (the target language).
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1. Wikipedia: Compiler
Wikimedia FoundationIntroduction
Quote, Introduction
a compiler is software that translates computer code written in one programming language (the source language) into another language (the target language)
View the Source
1. Wikipedia: Compiler
Wikimedia FoundationHistory section
Quote, History section
May 1952: Grace Hopper's team at Remington Rand wrote the compiler for the A-0 programming language (and coined the term compiler to describe it).
View the Source
The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution
Walter Isaacson, Simon and Schuster, 2014Invented By: Grace Hopper
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